THE ROLE OF UNESCO AS A WORLD HERITAGE CENTER IN THE ISSUES TOURISM PROJECTS IN KOMODO NATIONAL PARK REVIEWED FROM ENVIRONMENTAL CONCEPTS

In this research, the author will show the role of UNESCO in Addressing the issue of developing tourism projects in Komodo National Park. As we know, UNESCO itself has designated National Parks Komodo is one of the world heritage sites with OUV standards (Outstanding Universal Value) or extraordinary universal value. Remembering the Park Komodo National is the habitat of various types of Komodo which only exist in Indonesia is also a conservation area, which needs to be protected and preserved. Regarding natural tourism management, of course it will provide the influence on a country in its tourism development, both positive or negative. The positive impact certainly needs to be maximized Negative impacts must be anticipated and controlled, if they threaten natural sites. For this reason, regarding this issue, this research aims to find out UNESCO's efforts as the World Heritage Center in responding to cases tourism development in Komodo National Park reviewed in concept Environmentalism. Role and influence is demonstrated through value protection universal extraordinary on world heritage sites, delivered by mail warning or appeal to the government or tourism project implementers in Komodo National Park. In this paper, the type of research used is qualitative. By using the deductive method, namely trying describes what general problems are being researched, the types of data used is secondary. Secondary data is data obtained from some literature such as books, internet based research (articles or journals and thesis), and also uses primary data through interviews.


INTRODUCTION
In the development of international relations today, there are various actors that have a significant role in international interaction.That have a significant role in international interaction.In addition to actors, non-state actors have also begun to emerge in the world order in this era of globalisation.globalisation.For example, Igo (Intergovernmental Organisation), Ngo (Non-Governmental Organisation) and so on.Government Organisation) and so on.Basically, international organisations International organisations function as institutions that connect affairs between countries, but their existence is not solely countries, but its existence is not solely intended to replace the role and authority of states at the domestic level.Replace the role and authority of states at the domestic and external level.
As international relations develop, various co-operations, conflicts and other problems are inevitable.This is the basis for various actors, such as International Organisations with their power to influence, or solve the problem.The role of international organisations The role of international organisations is never separated from the purpose for which the organisation was formed.One of the International Intergovernmental Organisations, such as UNESCO.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is a specialised agency of the United Nations established in 1945.The aim of the organisation is to promote peace and security by promoting cooperation among countries through education, science and culture in order to enhance mutual respect based on justice, science and culture. in order to enhance mutual respect based on justice, the rule of law, human rights, and fundamental freedoms.Projects sponsored by UNESCO include international science programmes; regional historical and regional and cultural history projects; promotion of cultural diversity; international co-operative agreements to securing cultural and natural heritage and preserving human rights; and endeavouring to redress the world's digital divide (Andayani and Sasongkowati. 2015).
UNESCO, which is a World Heritage Centre organisation.world heritage centre, where the purpose of its formation is to see or document the various natural and cultural treasures that only exist on document various natural and cultural treasures that only exist in one country, then add them to the world heritage.one country, then add it to the world heritage.So this rule then applies to every world community The IUCN on its official website also explains, that protected areas and conservation areas are the basis of biodiversity conservation, as they protect natural and cultural resources, improve livelihoods and they protect natural and cultural resources, improve livelihoods and promote sustainable development.promote sustainable development (IUCN, 2022).However, recently there has been an issue of of a tourism project being developed in Komodo National Park Komodo National Park.It's just that, the project that developed in the National Park Komodo dragons are feared to disturb the development or the original habitat of Komodo dragons and protected animals found in the area.
Development issues often intersect with environment.Especially if the development is carried out in conservation areas, which are conservation areas, which are also known to have tourism potential with abundant natural wealth in the international international eyes.Although tourism has a considerable influence to the improvement of the economy, which is known as the largest industry in the industry in the world, opens up business opportunities that can increase the income of local communities, as well as opportunities for cooperation with various parties.local communities, as well as opportunities for cooperation with various parties.However, it is important to however, it is necessary to keep in mind the impact that development can have, especially on the environment and future generations.Environment and future generations.
Based on the National Master Plan for  DPN, and KSPN areas. (Rijaluzzman, 2022).
Referring to the regulation, the tourism industry development strategy has entered a new phase with the issuance of Presidential Regulation No.32 of 2018 concerning the Masterplan for the Acceleration and Expansion of Economic Development (MP3EI) 2011-2025).In this development plan, it complements the previous rules on Tourism development with slight modifications regarding leeway for smooth investment.By relying on capital from investors, this capital will be forwarded to economic corridors, divided into six main corridors.which are divided into six main corridors.One of them is the Bali and Nusa Tenggara Timur.During the establishment of the economic corridor in East Nusa Tenggara East Nusa Tenggara, it becomes the gateway to National Tourism.Therefore, the government continues to develop tourism.One of them is by development of tourism support infrastructure in Komodo National Park.
In line with the tourism development plan in Komodo National Park Komodo National Park, it is certain that the government's goal is to increase economic growth through tourism development.economic growth through tourism development.After the Komodo National Park's designation as a world heritage site, this certainly has a good impact on Indonesia.has a good impact on Indonesia.Both economically and in terms of opportunity to introduce Indonesia's natural and cultural wealth to the international community.International.Unesco as the central world heritage organisation that has designated the Komodo National Park Komodo National Park, certainly has a goal to improve Indonesia's image through the designation of world heritage sites.improve Indonesia's image through the designation of world heritage sites.However, Unesco's designation of Komodo National Park was solely to crown it as a natural and cultural heritage, with the unique characteristics of Komodo dragons as an animal that is classified as endangered.Because of the richness of nature and biosphere found there is precisely the forerunner of its designation as a world heritage site.World heritage site.So it applies to every human being around the world to protect and preserve it.
For this reason, in the history and development of Komodo National Park, Unesco has a significant influence in it.This is evidenced by role in the issue of tourism projects in Komodo National Park by overseeing tourism development that is being developed in the area.Overseeing the development of tourism that is being developed in the area.The existence of a development plan in an area that has been designated as a world heritage site, based on these natural and cultural conditions should be developed properly.Should be developed properly.On the one hand, the economic impact must indeed be fulfilled, but on the other hand the impact on natural damage, culture and the environment of this area also need to be considered.Thus which became the author's reference, and then was interested in conducting research with the title: "

LITERATURE REVIEW
In supporting the writing of this scientific work, the author reads several writings that have existed before to be a reference from various references such as, theses, journals, books, and several news websites related to this paper.this paper.The first writing from Ari Widyati Purwantiasning (2022), in her research entitled her research entitled "Determination of Historic Areas as a Preservation Effort".Preservation Effort".The purpose of her research is to examine more deeply about what is the designation of a historic area both nationally and internationally (UNESCO) and how it benefits the community, as well as the country in general in general.This type of research uses qualitative data analysis methods, in the analysis and review is done with descriptive narrative obtained from secondary data and strengthened by primary data from secondary data and strengthened by primary data.Then the results of the research.This research explains the importance of the establishment of Cultural Heritage at the international, national, and local levels.International, National, and local levels.Where the role of responsibility for the three The role of responsibility for all three is different.This designation also seeks to increase awareness and willingness to preserve historical relics as cultural and natural heritage and nature.While what distinguishes it from this paper is that it is more Specific to the efforts made by Unesco in overseeing tourism projects in Komodo National Park, which has been designated as a Cultural and Natural Heritage Area. in Komodo National Park, which has been designated as a Nature Reserve Area nature.
The second article is from "Rivaldi (2019) in his research entitled entitled The Role of UNESCO in the Conservation of the Palmyra Site in Syria Years (2016-2018)".The purpose of this research is to.The author's goal to describe how UNESCO's role in the conservation of the Palmyra heritage site in Syria since 2016-2018.Palmyra heritage site in Syria since 2016 which was carried out until 2018.This paper This paper uses a type of research, namely descriptive research, with a qualitative research method.qualitative research method.In the analysis technique, using qualitative data analysis techniques.The type of data used is secondary data, namely data obtained from literature review and data search results.from the review of literature studies and the results of data searches through internet basec research.In the results of his research, the author explains that the Palmyra site is a historical site that has value and value.is a historical site that has universal values and messages.This is This is evidenced by the designation of this site as a world heritage by UNESCO.However, this status does not necessarily make the Palmyra site always safe.When civil war in Syria, the site became a target for looting and vandalism, resulting in damage to the site.which resulted in the site being damaged.Through its status as a heritage site, the site has the right to be protected from all forms of attempts to destroy it.Destruction.This protection is given to UNESCO as a form of its role in saving the site.role in saving the site as a central world heritage organisation.The role of UNESCO's role in rescue efforts, realised through various forms of conservation with the aim of saving the universal values of outer humanity contained in the site.Some forms of consist of revitalisation, replication, preservation, reconstruction, restoration and rehabilitation.This has effectively demonstrated the role of UNESCO as a global organisation.international organisation to maintain and preserve world heritage sites.While what distinguishes it from this research, namely this paper contains about UNESCO's efforts to protect natural heritage, namely Komodo National Park, which is viewed from the concept of Environmentalism Komodo National Park, which is viewed from the concept of Environmentalism.
Furthermore, research from "Syakila Bella Maulidya, Marsudi Triatmojo (2020)" entitled Protection of Outstanding Universal Value of National Park Komodo as a World Heritage Site in Review of International Law and National Law.This research aims to examine efforts to protect Outstanding Universal Value in the framework of international law through Convention Concerning The Protection Of The World Cultural and Heritage 1972, as well as knowing the form of national policy in protecting and preserving the Outstanding Universal Value of Komodo National Park.Outstanding Universal Value of Komodo National Park.This research This research uses qualitative data analysis techniques.With the type of secondary data obtained through literature study, and also using primary data through interviews to support the argumentation in the data analysis process interviews to support the argumentation in the qualitative data analysis process qualitative.The results of the research show that there are protection efforts through mechanism of international co-operation and international assistance, by applying sustainable principles in efforts to manage world heritage sites.Implementation of the convention is further regulated through the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention, with the supervision of the World Heritage Committee.World Heritage Committee.Legal protection on a national scale for the Komodo National Park Komodo National Park can be seen through (Law No. 5 Year 2990 on the conservation of natural resources).natural resources and ecosystems).As well as the national strategy area in (Law No 26 Year 2007 concerning spatial planning).While what distinguishes it from this research, the author uses the concept of Environmentalism in looking at UNESCO's role in protecting the National Universal Value Otstanding on the issue of tourism projects being developed in Komodo National Park tourism project that is being developed in Komodo National Park.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Type
The type used is by the author is a descriptive type, namely a type of research conducted to describe an event objectively, subjectively, thoughts, and a phenomenon by presenting facts that can be observed factually, through the depiction of presenting facts that can be observed factually, through the depiction that will produce a practical conclusion.through the depiction that will produce a practical conclusion, especially in this research, the author will provide a description and explanation of explanation of how UNESCO's important role in maintaining or overseeing world heritage that has been determined as overseeing world heritage that has been designated as well as Komodo National Park.

Data collection method
The data collection technique in this research is by interviews or question and answer with resource persons who previously conducted research in the Komodo National Park area conducted research in the Komodo National Park area.In addition, the author also conducted a literature study.A number of literatures related to related to the problem under study, the literature is in the form of documents, articles, journals, thesis, and other media such as the internet.

Data Type
In this study the authors used secondary and primary data, namely secondary data from several literatures, such as books and the internet and primary data, namely secondary data from several literatures, such as books, and internet-based research (articles and journals).Based research (articles and journals) and primary data sourced from interviews and questions and answers question and answer.

Data analysis
In analysing this research, researchers used qualitative data techniques, by analysing the data, which is obtained through several stages starting from collecting data, classifying data, presenting data and linking the data with concepts or theories that have been determined by researchers to data with concepts or theories that have been determined by researchers to drawing conclusions based on existing facts

UNESCO's Efforts Towards the Protection of World Heritage in the Issue of Komodo National
Park Tourism Project Reviewed in the Concept of Environmentalism Environmentalism After the UNESCO General Conference held on 16 October 1972.The Convention concerning the protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage was adopted (Convention concerning the protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage), otherwise known as the 1972 World Heritage convention.Through this convention, through this convention, UNESCO seeks to encourage the restoration, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world that is considered to have extraordinary value for humans.extraordinary value for humans.This convention is the cornerstone of the World Heritage Programme programme; by encouraging countries to sign the 1972 World Heritage Convention and ensure the protection of the world's convention of 1972 and ensuring the protection of their natural and cultural heritage; encouraging countries to develop management plans and organise a system of reporting on the conservation of its world heritage sites; helping to protect its heritage by providing technical assistance and heritage by providing technical assistance and professional training; provide emergency assistance, should heritage be affected by a disaster; and encourage International co-operation in the preservation of cultural and world heritage (Kemendikbud, 2022).Indonesia is one of the participating countries of the 1972 world heritage convention, with its various sites that are in the world heritage.Indonesia as a country with rich natural and cultural resources is no longer recognised in a small scope recognised in a small scope only.Even in a wider scope, Indonesia is one of the countries with natural and cultural charm that has its own value its own value.This is shown from several areas in Indonesia that are designated as a natural heritage and one of the wonders of the world.This designation is of course based on the integrity and sustainability of several sites in the world.That way, the heritage can be enjoyed and researched.One of the areas in Indonesia that is also protected is Komodo National Park.

World Heritage Protection of Komodo National Park in General
UNESCO has designated Komodo National Park as a world heritage site in 1991, this designation is based on the protection of Komodo dragons site in 1991, this designation is based on the protection of Komodo dragons as an endemic animal only found in Indonesia, along with its ecosystem as an endemic animal that is only found in Indonesia, along with its ecosystem.Although UNESCO basically does not have jurisdictional rights over the sovereignty of member countries sovereignty of member countries.However, as a central world heritage organisation, UNESCO still show its efforts in maintaining and supervising the natural or cultural heritage of a country cultural heritage of a country.

Komodo National Park OUV designation
Outstanding Value (OUV) is a requirement or criteria that must be fulfilled by various heritages in a country that will be designated as world heritage world heritage.A Natural World Heritage Site is a place or container of various heritages in the world in terms of natural scenery, geological, ecological, and/or biodiversity and/or biodiversity.Most natural World Heritage sites are protected or conservation areas, which contain features of high features of high value.Sites that have been nominated by national governments to be listed as World Heritage properties, are further recognised by the World Heritage Committee which has OUV standards.These values are of paramount importance and should be preserved and managed by the responsible State Party, with support from UNESCO responsible State Parties, with support from UNESCO, IUCN and the international community international community.The OUV thus provides the main direction how each World Heritage site will be managed (UNESCO, 2022).
To be included on the World Heritage List, natural sites must fulfil three pillars: Outstanding Universal Value 1. Assessment criteria; natural World Heritage Sites must fulfil at least one of four criteria, which in summary relate to phenomena of natural phenomena or aesthetic interest (vii), geology (viii), ecosystems (ix) or biodiversity (x) (the numbering of these follows the Guidelines) biodiversity (x) (this numbering follows the World Heritage Operational Guidelines).About 80 per cent of World Heritage sites are natural written for two or more criteria.There are an additional six criteria for cultural sites, which may relate to some mix of natural/cultural sites, on the natural/cultural sites, on human creative genius (i); value exchange humanity (ii); civilisation (iii); distinctive buildings or landscapes (iv); human representative and threatened cultures (v); and traditions (vi).2. Integrity; the Operational Guidance also explains that to be considered as having OUV, natural sites must also fulfil the integrity condition.This refers to the integrity of the site; in general whether the site is natural World Heritage World Heritage site: (i) contains all of the relevant ecological, geological and/or scenic elements necessary to maintain the value for which it has been listed; (ii) is large enough to include the main features of its OUV and to remain viable over time, and (iii) is in a good state of good state of conservation.3. Authenticity: This is an additional requirement for cultural sites, and applies to a mix of sites with a focus on whether cultural values are actually present and credibly expressed through attributes such as form, design, materials, function, traditions, setting, and language.4. Protection and management: The third requirement specified in the the Operational Guidelines is that each World Heritage site should have adequate protection and management systems to ensure it is protected.Thus the expectation of protection and effective management are explicit requirements to ensuring OUV (UNESCO, 2022).
There has never been a requirement that natural World Heritage sites also always be a recognised protected area, and some older sites that are not protected areas are older sites that are not protected areas.However, most new applications for Natural World Heritage status are usually expected to fulfil the IUCN definition definition of a conservation area, with a high level of protection being implied through law or other effective means.However, natural status alone is not enough, hence the existence of World Heritage Sites, World Heritage Sites, conservation and natural areas are expected to be well managed properly.Various management considerations including capacity management capacity, and sustainable planning and financial systems will be considered in making recommendations to the World Heritage Committee.Committee.On site listing and management effectiveness will continue to be considered in the various monitoring and reporting requirements of the World Heritage Committee (UNESCO, 2022).
Komodo National Park is considered to have Outstanding Universal Value that fulfils two of the criteria defined by the World Heritage Committee: • criterion (vii) which means that each site must contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of outstanding natural beauty and has its own aesthetic value.Indonesia is known for its natural wealth and extraordinary natural charm.With general conditions or conditions, such as mountains, seas and beaches are lined up with beauty and aesthetics.beauty and aesthetics.• criterion (x) contains natural habitats, including those containing endangered species with exceptional value.with exceptional value.Komodo National Park contains a large part of the world where there are still populations of the world's largest and heaviest Komodo lizards.The largest and heaviest Komodo dragons in the world.Komodo dragons are spread across various islands, such as the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Gili Motang and some coastal areas of western and northern Flores western and northern Flores.Other fauna recorded in the park Characteristic of the Wallacean zoogeographic region, the park has seven species of land mammals, and 72 species of birds, such as the sulphur-crested cockatoo, and 10 species of dolphin, dugong and five species of sea turtle.

Collaborating with IUCN as an Advisory Organisation on Natural Heritage and Conservation and Conservation
World heritage designations are based on the natural and culture found in a country.Where cultural diversity where the cultural diversity is a form of extraordinary handicrafts, or natural which has a landscape with an extraordinary supporting ecosystem ordinary.This determination does not necessarily point to how the wealth can be explored.However, it also focuses on how humans have an awareness of and responsibility for protection of that heritage.
UNESCO, which provides support for this world heritage, has made various efforts to protect natural and cultural heritage.This effort can be seen in the various policies and strategies that have been put in place by UNESCO.Cooperation strategies in supporting this property remain integrated or well maintained.One of them can be seen in its protection on special natural heritage sites located in protected conservation areas, protected areas.Where in an effort to monitor and assess natural heritage natural heritage is maintained, UNESCO collaborates with IUCN as an advisor to the world heritage for nature and conservation.world heritage for nature and conservation.IUCN defines that the area that is protected and managed through legal or effective means, in order to achieve the long-term conservation objectives of nature, with its ecosystem services. of nature, ecosystem services, and cultural values.In addition, the IUCN has also defined several categories of protected areas itself (UNESCO, 2022).1. Strictly guarded nature reserves; Natural areas that are strictly guarded in order to protect biodiversity and to protect biodiversity and geological features.geological features.Where human visitation is strictly controlled strict and restricted in order to protect the values of the conservation area 2. Wilderness; These areas are generally less managed, to maintain their natural nature or influence.3. National parks; These natural areas are protected based on the scale ecological processes within them.
Together with the species and species and ecosystems characteristic of the area, which also provide the basis spiritual, scientific, educational, recreational and visitor opportunities visitor opportunities.4. Natural monument areas; These natural areas are set aside to protect specific natural monuments, such as seascapes,seamounts, underwater caves, ancient geological features.5. Habitat protection areas; These habitats or areas are to protect certain species or habitats.Management will require active interventions that regulate the requirements of specific species to maintain the habitat 6. Nature and marine protected areas; Where the interaction of humans and nature results in areas of different character nature this results in areas of distinct character with ecological, cultural and seascape values.And Whereas, the integrity of this interaction is essential to protect and sustain the Area and its natural preservation and values.7. Sustainable protection of areas in the management of natural resources; Nature utilisation, of which a portion is located on sustainable management of natural resources.And low-level non-industrial use of natural resources with nature conservation seen as one of the main objectives of the area.
IUCN as a nature conservation organisation will carry out its its duty to look at how the natural heritage for conservation areas will be managed.This protection is based on the natural conditions and environment that allows it to be managed, and whether impacts should be anticipated should be anticipated.So that the management plan does not impact on the conservation objectives of the area.In the Komodo National Park Komodo National Park, IUCN, together with UNESCO, has organised a number of various efforts.Some of them are evaluating properties that will be nominated to the world heritage list, by looking at the feasibility of the site.In addition, IUCN also reviews a country's international assistance on how the site will be managed, by providing the following country's international assistance on how the site will be managed, by providing input and capacity support in equitable and ecologically sustainable development efforts ecologically sustainable development.

UNESCO warning letter to National Park government Komodo
Aside from being a nature conservation area, Komodo National Park is also a tourism destination in the country.Komodo National Park is also one of the tourism destinations in NTT.Because it is considered to have the potential for natural beauty and its diversity is enough to support the national economy, then Komodo National Park is used as a national tourism strategy area.National tourism strategy area.Based on data, from 2014 to 2018, the arrival of local and foreign tourists in the area has is increasing.For this reason, to support the satisfaction of tourists, the government and the Komodo National Park Authority Agency are carrying out infrastructure development plans in some of these areas.The issue of development in the National Park has yet to be confirmed which stage it has reached.But the last since 2020, the project is stated to have taken place which is specialised on the island of Rinca.Not a few parties opposed and questioned the development.Various parties considered that the project was not transparent and not announced with clear objectives.These include local communities, environmental activists such as Walhi, and UNESCO.
As we all know, UNESCO, is the organisation that designated Komodo National Park as a world heritage site.Based on the rules that we can see in the operational guidelines of World Heritage, this organisation does not only designate.However, it has role and the basis of its protection of Komodo National Park On the issue of tourism projects in Komodo National Park, Unesco has appealed to the authorities, especially the Indonesian government.appealed to the authorities, especially the Indonesian government, regarding the development of the Komodo National Park related to the development of Komodo National Park.Contained in the draft decision of the World Heritage Committee WHC/21/44.COM/7B.In the decision decision, the World Heritage Committee emphasises the existence of clear and detailed information regarding and details regarding how Outstanding Universal Value (OUV).As well as how the significant plans to increase tourism on the property property, reflecting the stated intention to move away from mass tourism and thereby ensure the protection of the OUV. and thus ensure the protection of the OUV.This is based on the World Heritage Committee's paragraph 172 operational guidelines.As a follow-up to the decision, the World Heritage committee also urged the government to halt all infrastructure projects committee also urged the government to halt any (UNESCO, 2022).
How OUV is influential for a natural heritage area, making it a natural property of global importance this natural property has an important value to the world.This operational guideline explains that in an effort to management of the Komodo National Park site, where this area is located.is a protected area.In the construction or this development is expected to still prioritise the OUV in the area.Area.As a follow-up, the government should provide notice or information, before drawing up a project plan development.For this reason, the World Heritage Committee can ensure that the OUV value of Komodo National Park is well protected.the OUV value of Komodo National Park can be well protected.
Based on the analysis results and conclusions from UNESCO and IUCN, this development is carried out as an effort in the development of an ITMP (Integrated Tourism Master Plan).ITMP (Integrated Tourism Master Plan) or tourism master plan for Labuan Bajo, including the island of for Labuan Bajo, including Padar and Rinca islands.However, it is unclear the extent to which the ITMP considers the World Heritage status and value of the properties or how many properties it will cover.
Based on previous data, there are several companies that have obtained licences to invest and acquire land around Komodo National Park, including PT Kwe with around Komodo National Park, including PT Kwe with an area of 151.9 ha on Komodo island, and PT Skl with an area of 22.1 ha on Komodo island 151.9 hectares on Komodo island, and PT Skl with 22.1 hectares on Rinca island.Rinca island.The presence of these investors certainly provides support for the development of the tourism industry in Komodo National Park.This of course has an impact on the sustainability of Komodo dragons, which will be increasingly range to the climate crisis.Since the designation of the National national tourism strategic area, with various companies being allowed to managing the Komodo National Park is already feared to disturb the Komodo's habitat disturb the Komodo dragon's habitat.Basically, Komodo dragons are ancient animals that is identical to nature, so with natural ecosystems as a place of life, it is able to survive because of its natural factors natural ecosystem, it is able to survive because of its special natural factors.

UNESCO's Protection Efforts for National World Heritage Komodo in the concept of Environmentalism
Environmentalism was originally born as a view that supports the movement to conserve, restore, and improve the quality of the movement to conserve, restore, and improve the quality of the environment. of the environment.Basically, the role of any environmentalism movement is to create a balanced environment by following the pace of economic growth and development.Although this condition cannot be avoided, at least with the implementation of sustainable efforts, is expected to be able to minimise the impact of the current pace of economic development.economic development.Tourism development in the Komodo National Park area has led to a response from UNESCO as a world heritage centre.Efforts are reflected in a warning letter sent to the Indonesian government, based on operational guidelines.the Indonesian government, based on the operational guidelines how heritage sites are managed.This is none other than to maintain the extraordinary universal exceptional value that has been established.As a form of effort from.UNESCO's efforts in calling out and informing that the status of the site is a world heritage, then how the site will be managed must be determined by UNESCO is a world heritage, then how the site will be managed must be known by the world heritage committee be known by the world heritage committee.In addition to UNESCO, various rejections were also made by local communities against tourism development policies in the National Park Area local communities against tourism development policies in the Komodo National Park some of which are: 1.The management of various private companies in the strategic area of Komodo National Park Komodo National Park has not brought any benefits to the communities within the area and for West Manggarai in general.The problem that problems that have arisen are the annexation of public resources and the privatisation of land in the Komodo National Park area.Learning from previous experience From 2003 to 2012, Komodo National Park was managed by PT.Komodo National Park was managed by PT Putri Naga Komodo.With the Ministry of Forestry Decree No. 195/Menhut -II/2004, PT Putri Naga Komodo was granted an IPPA.Komodo was granted a Licence for Nature Tourism Business (IPPA).However, during its 10 years of operation, the company simply disbanded without providing a clear providing clear accountability during its management.2. The presence of the private sector in the management of the Komodo National Park The presence of a private party in the management of the Komodo National Park strategic area will add to the burden of suffering for the community in the area and also for tourism businesses. in the area as well as local tourism businesses.Many people complain when restrictions are imposed on fishermen complain when restrictions are placed on fishermen.So that the space his movement is getting narrower.Therefore, many people have switched from fishermen to statue carvers, souvenir sellers, and tour guides.3. The realisation of this development project, which includes infrastructure and other physical constructions within the Komodo National Park, will bring infrastructure and other physical constructions in the Komodo National Park area will have an adverse impacts on the sustainability of the Komodo National Park.Komodo National Park.The habitat of Komodo dragons and other animals will be disrupted.The cycle natural ecosystem cycles and chains will be damaged.The natural atmosphere associated with Komodo dragons will turn into a busy atmosphere of economic activities.
Even these activities will impact and cause various environmental damages such as such as air, soil and waste pollution.4. The Central Government through the Komodo National Park Centre and the Regional Government of West Manggarai Regency seem to be in favour of the parties involved.The Central Government through the Komodo National Park Centre and the Regional Government of West Manggarai Regency seem to favour private investors.private investors.This can be seen in the various legal regulations made by allowing various private parties to manage or enter the area.enter the area.Meanwhile, the community has received unfair treatment with various zoning change policies.5. Another reason for rejection, which is the most technical and simple, is to avoid the entry of private investors to manage the Komodo National Park conservation area.Komodo National Park.For example, PT Segara Komodo Lestari in Loh Buaya on Rinca Island and PT Komodo Wildlife Ecotourism on Padar Island.Rinca Island and PT Komodo Wildlife Ecotourism on Padar Island and Loh Liang on Komodo Island and Loh Liang on Komodo Island.Because it is feared that the entry of this company, it will be utilised on the economic growth of the investors only.Meanwhile, the people who live there will be further eliminated (KBS, 2022)

OUV Protection by UNESCO in Development Issues Komodo National Park Tourism
Every word of the phrase Outstanding Universal Value is important to understand the concept behind it: 1. Outstanding: The IUCN has noted that the World Heritage Convention Convention establishes this World Heritage based on the most outstanding geographical superlative or the most outstanding natural and cultural conditions around the world.
2. Universal: The scope of the Convention is global in relation to significance, and property.Where this property applies globally universal, and has significant influence in the international space international space.3. Value: what makes a property stand out and have universal value is clearly implied, defines the value of the property, and gives it a significant influence in the international space.is clearly implied, defining the value of the property, and giving it a clear ranking of its importance and a standard of consistency, including the recognition and assessment of its integrity.Komodo national park has been designated as a world heritage site by UNESCO, based on criteria (vii) site by UNESCO, based on OUV with criteria (vii); as a superlative natural features, or areas of outstanding natural beauty and aesthetic value.Then criterion (x); contains the most important and significant for the in situ conservation of biodiversity, including biodiversity, including those containing threatened or endangered species of exceptional value.species with exceptional value.This rule shows that natural and cultural heritage heritage is an effort by UNESCO to preserve the heritage for future generations.preserve the heritage for future generations.OUV (Outstanding universal Value) is one of UNESCO's assessment criteria used by UNESCO for world heritage designation designation.In order to be a world heritage, a site or property must meet the requirements of integrity or authenticity as well as a system of protection (conservation) and management to ensure the integrity of the site (conservation) and management systems to ensure sustainability.
The OUV principles for natural heritage, if based on the concept of Environmentalism focus on how natural and cultural property can be sustainably useful and can be beneficial and useful in a sustainable manner.Sustainable in the sense of how this heritage can be witnessed in the future.future.This sustainable principle is also expected to provide benefits from environmental, natural and ecosystem aspects On the issue of tourism development in Komodo National Park, UNESCO sent a warning letter to the management or government as a form of appeal on the value of tourism in Komodo National Park.government as a form of appeal for the OUV value in the area.In the management of world heritage sites, the government signalled that this tourism development still supports sustainable efforts according to the IUCN World Heritage Advice Note on Environmental Assessment.Environmental Assessment.By showing data that in this area, the Komodo dragon population has fluctuated between 2,430 and 3,022 during the period 2015 to 2019 (UNESCO, 2022).Komodo National Park is not only known for harbouring.Komodo dragons also contains a variety of other species.In addition to showing data that the Komodo dragon population is stable, as well as data on other supporting ecosystems in the Komodo dragon habitat, as well as the social and economic conditions of the community in the area.In line with the goal of world heritage, which is how to protect the Komodo dragon.management of the site must take into account all aspects in a sustainable.As development continues in this area, it will certainly also lead to the erosion of the value of natural beauty which is an extraordinary universal value.With so, how exactly is the sustainable principle applied in management of this area.Sustainability means providing consequences that humans use resources should not exceed the amount that can be regenerated.Especially for natural properties that have integrity and value that is important to many people, so it is possible if there are rules intended to protect the property.There are rules intended to protect this property.For this reason, the direction of government policy in developing mass tourism with various developments carried out to supporting the tourism, is considered to have violated the sustainable development that is often echoed by the Indonesian government that is often echoed by the Indonesian government.In fact, many of the local communities who have lived side-by-side with Komodo dragons feel that this development is not sustainable.With Komodo dragons, feel that this development is not to protect Komodo dragons, nor is it for their welfare protect Komodo dragons, nor is it for the welfare of the community.
Environmentalism has been understood as sustainable natural resource management resources and protecting natural resources by means of public policy and encouraging changes in human behaviour and viewpoints.human behaviour and perspectives.This view has become more significant as the development of the world today.Various impacts have begun to emerge as a result of the continuous development of the industry.The emergence of environmental damage is caused by humans themselves.To fulfil needs and interests, various efforts will be made will be done.Especially various policies from the highest institutions such as state governments often set policies on efforts to economic improvement.By doing development, dof the area without regard to environmental aspects that can be eroded and disturbed due to economic activities.Third world countries third world countries in general, by supporting the progress of development and industry is an important step to achieve economic growth of a country.Although on the one hand the impact caused, especially on the environment occurs.This is a tangible form of the capitalism and neoliberalism system that is the cornerstone of today's economic of today's economy (Lestari, 2016).
The establishment of the OUV on the Komodo National Park site has the responsibility of the government, as well as the local and international communities to protect the area.In addition, the OUV is a basic reference for the management of world heritage sites.site management.Therefore, when the site is considered to have impact on the status of the site, then it is necessary to have a statement on how the site will be managed and how the environmental environmental impact analyses can be shared with world heritage.Environmentalism believes that there is an relationship between the environment and humans.In this sense, environment greatly affects the quality of human life, both positively and negatively positively or negatively.Environmentalism itself does not seek to to separate humans and nature.Because in essence, humans coexist with nature.However, with the development of globalisation and modernity have contributed to the rise of the Environmentalism Movement.Environmentalism.There is uncontrolled exploitation of resources, and development, such as factories that pay little attention to the environment (Wijaya, 2015).
For this reason, in the efforts made by UNESCO, the author assesses it as a form of Environmentalism movement that focuses on protecting the property of the natural or cultural heritage of the or culture of Komodo National Park.At the beginning of the designation of this heritage site, it has emphasised the OUV standard as an assessment and the main requirement for the area to be designated as world heritage.The value of OUV is also the basis of the conservation rules that are also the identity of certain sites identity for certain sites.Regarding how the site is managed on an ongoing basis, which is done by reviewing the international assistance that a country needs, in terms of how the site will be will be managed, by providing input and capacity support for equitable and ecologically sustainable development.
This is already UNESCO's world heritage management plan in conjunction with IUCN, in the World Heritage Operational Guidelines on Managing World Heritage Centres.For this reason, in the issue of tourism projects that are being the government should pay more attention to the ecological aspects and ecosystem aspects of Komodo National Park.Because this area has been designated as world heritage with its extraordinary universal value it has.With this designation, it will give a greater value of care to all natural and cultural reserves value to all natural and cultural reserves.Unesco's commemoration can be used as a lesson and an evaluation of policy.Basically, UNESCO has the right to monitor and protect world heritage sites.and protection of world heritage sites.So UNESCO at any time can revoke it from the world heritage list, if it is proven that there has been there is destruction of the site.

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Komodo national park has been on the world heritage list by UNESCO in 1991.UNESCO in 1991.The area was designated as a natural heritage based on its OUV value.Referring to criterion (vii); as a superlative natural features, or areas of outstanding natural beauty and aesthetic value.aesthetic value.Then criterion (x); contains natural habitats that are most important and significant natural habitats for the in situ conservation of biodiversity, including those containing endangered species of outstanding value.This rule shows that this natural and cultural heritage is an effort from UNESCO to preserve the natural and cultural heritage.UNESCO's efforts to preserve the heritage for future generations.to come.Komodo National Park is not only a conservation area, but also a strategic tourism area.Tourism strategic tourism area.For this reason, various efforts have been made by government in carrying out economic growth through the development of tourism development in the area.In line with these regulations, various efforts the government does in tourism development, one of which is development of infrastructure supporting tourism activities.
Precisely in 2020, the Indonesian government carried out various development in the Komodo National Park area.The development carried out in various areas, one of which is Rinca Island.This development centred on infrastructure, such as lodges, information centres and the a 2-metre-high bridge that has become the centre of attention for many.This development was done with ecological aspects and protection of Komodo dragons' habitat.But not a few parties feel suspicious, especially in this development, many companies are also getting land around the area.Some of them are PT Kwe and PT Skl.
As the world's central heritage organisation, UNESCO has provided various appeals to the government regarding the development carried out in the natural heritage site area.in the natural heritage site area.UNESCO's efforts as the centre of this world heritage were carried out by sending a warning letter to the Indonesian government, with a the Indonesian government, with an emphasis on the protection of the OUV (Outstanding Universal Value) of Komodo National Park.World heritage designation designation is actually done by looking at the outstanding universal value of a property in the region.a property in the region.So that when this site is managed, the government is required to provide information or development plan documents that are proven to apply sustainable principles and protect the OUV value of a natural or cultural heritage area.
However, UNESCO does not have jurisdictional rights over Indonesia.However, as the central world heritage organisation that has designated Komodo National Park as a natural or cultural heritage site.Namely through the world heritage convention, based on the world heritage guidelines, UNESCO has the responsibility of overseeing the site.guidelines, UNESCO has the responsibility of overseeing the site.
Therefore, the author concludes that in general UNESCO has shown its role as a world Heritage centre.Namely by being responsible for the sites it has designated.Various efforts efforts are made in order to maintain the preservation and safety of the site.This is also seen in seen in its cooperation with the IUCN in seeing how the Komodo National Park site will be managed sustainably.Komodo National Park will be managed sustainably.
Looking at the issue of the development of tourism projects developed in Komodo National Park, the author has various suggestions as follows the following: 1.On the issue of tourism projects being developed by the government, I feel that the project should be reevaluated by the government.by the government.Considering that various parties have opposed and rejected the development.Such as environmental activists, Walhi and UNESCO.The rejection is not without reason, this is precisely what the government has seen the impact that will be caused.Especially the impact on Komodo habitat, as well as the ecosystem in it.2. As well as considering cooperation with various investors who have entered and supported the development.Because we can't predict that in the next few years, the area that is known as a conservation space and should be protected, instead becomes an investment space that is dense with economic activity.investment space that is dense with economic activity.
Tourism Development 2010-2025 (Government Regulation No. 50 Year 2011), Indonesia's tourism development areas are.2025 (Government Regulation No. 50 Year 2011), Indonesia's tourism development area is divided into 222 National Tourism Development Areas (KPPN), and 50 KPPNs.is divided into 222 National Tourism Development Areas (KPPN), and 50 National Tourism Destinations (DPN).Of these, 88 areas are considered strategic nationally, and are referred to as National Tourism Strategic Areas (KSPN).(KSPN).Komodo National Park, which has enormous tourism potential potential, both terrestrial and aquatic, referring to the attachment of Government Regulation No. 50 of 2011 is included in the KPPN, THE ROLE OF UNESCO AS A WORLD HERITAGE CENTRE IN THE ISSUE OF KOMODO