Antidiabetic Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract from Sweet Mango Leaves (Mangifera indica L. var. Arum Manis) on Blood Glucose Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Male Mice (Mus musculus L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56127/jukeke.v5i1.2467Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus, Ethanol extract of sweet mango leaves, Mangifera indica L, Antidiabetic, Streptozotocin, Blood glucose levelsAbstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing public health concern worldwide, particularly in Indonesia, where its prevalence continues to rise, causing significant health and economic burdens. The need for effective, accessible, and safe therapies is critical, as current treatments often come with side effects and limitations. Alternative natural treatments, such as herbal remedies, are being explored for their potential to offer safer and more sustainable options for managing DM. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic effectiveness of ethanol extract of sweet mango leaves (Mangifera indica L. var. sweet mango) on reducing blood glucose levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methodology: A true experimental post-test only control group design was employed using mice (Mus musculus) divided into six groups: normal control, negative control (STZ), positive control (glibenclamide), and three treatment groups of mango leaf extract with doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kgBW. The extraction was carried out using the maceration method with 70% ethanol, and the antidiabetic activity was tested over a 15-day period. Results: The results showed that administration of ethanol extract of sweet mango leaves significantly reduced blood glucose levels (p < 0.001) compared to the negative control. A dose-response pattern was observed, with a dose of 150 mg/kgBW providing the most significant blood glucose lowering effect, closely approaching the effectiveness of glibenclamide. Discussion: The antidiabetic activity of the extract is thought to be related to its bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolics, and mangiferin, which are believed to enhance insulin sensitivity, inhibit gluconeogenesis, and protect pancreatic β cells from oxidative stress. Originality and Contribution: This study provides new insights into the antidiabetic potential of the ethanol extract of sweet mango leaves (Mangifera indica var. Arum Manis), a variety not extensively studied for its effects on diabetes. The research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on natural-based therapies for DM, offering an alternative to conventional treatments with potentially fewer side effects and wider accessibility. The findings support the further development of mango leaf extract as a natural candidate for diabetes management.
References
Aderibigbe, A., & Saleem, M. (2001). Antidiabetic Effects of Mangifera indica: A Comprehensive Review. Phytotherapy Research, 15(3), 78–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.155
Bhowmik, A. et al. (2009). Studies on the antidiabetic effects of Mangifera indica stem-barks and leaves on nondiabetic, type 1 and type 2 diabetic model rats. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 4(2), 110–114. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v4i2.2488
Du, S. et al. (2018). Mangiferin: An effective therapeutic agent against several disorders (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 18(6), 4775–4786. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9529
Ghasemi, S. et al. (2021). A review on Glibenclamide and its role in diabetes treatment. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 44(5), 485–494. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0118
Hossain, M. S. et al. (2010). Antidiabetic and glycogenesis effects of different fractions of ethanolic extract of leaves of mangifera indica (Linn.) in normal and alloxan induced Diabetic Rats. Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(4), 80–86. https://doi.org/10.3923/jms.2010.80.86
IDF, I. D. F. (2021). IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th Edition. International Diabetes Federation. https://www.diabetesatlas.org
Irondi, E. A. et al. (2016). Antidiabetic effects of Mangifera indica Kernel Flour-supplemented diet in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Food Science and Nutrition, 4(6), 828–839. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.348
Kemasari, P. et al. (2011). Antihyperglycemic activity of Mangifera indica linn. In alloxan induced diabetic rats. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 3(5), 653–659. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053503784&partnerID=40&md5=7bba448321257273074728678b057956
Kemenkes, K. K. R. I. (2021). Pola Hidup Sehat dan Deteksi Dini Bantu Kontrol Gula Darah Pada Penderita Diabetes. https://kemkes.go.id/id/pola-hidup-sehat-dan-deteksi-dini-bantu-kontrol-gula-darah-pada-penderita-diabetes
Khan, J. T. et al. (2024). Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Mangifera indica Leaf in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats: Focus on Glycemic Control and Cholesterol Regulation. Endocrines, 5(2), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines5020010
Kulkarni, V. M., & Rathod, V. K. (2018). Exploring the potential of Mangifera indica leaves extract versus mangiferin for therapeutic application. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 52(2), 155–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anres.2018.07.001
Li, G. Q. et al. (2013). Herbal medicines for the management of diabetes. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 771, 396–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5441-0_28
Muruganandan, S. et al. (2005). Effect of mangiferin on hyperglycemia and atherogenicity in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 97(3), 497–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.12.010
Patarakijavanich, P. et al. (2019). A review of the antidiabetic potential of Mangifera indica leaf extract. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 41(4), 943–951. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073383256&partnerID=40&md5=8e8cb464777f681f43b524aa53bb923e
Quintana, S. E. et al. (2021). Bioactive compounds of mango (Mangifera indica): a review of extraction technologies and chemical constituents. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 101(15), 6186–6192. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.11455
Ramesh Petchi, R. et al. (2011). Antidiabetic effect of kernel seeds extract of Mangifera Indica (Anacardiaceae). International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2(1), 385–391. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79954499009&partnerID=40&md5=1fa6d764a0b5100d74aefb824f78101b
Safitri, E. et al. (2022). Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Pisang Kepok (Musa Acuminata Linn.) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit Jantan (Mus Musculusl.) Yang Diinduksi Aloksan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi, Teknologi Dan Kependidikan, 9(2), 180–184.
Singh, R. et al. (2023). Antioxidant and antihyperglycemic properties of Mangifera indica leaf extracts: A review. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 123, 74–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.008
Suryawanshi, R. M. et al. (2025). ADME, Toxicity, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, Glucokinase activation, DPP-IV, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase Inhibition Assays of Mangiferin and Friedelin for Antidiabetic Potential. Chemistry and Biodiversity, 22(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202402738
Zarasvand, R. et al. (2023). Effects of Mangifera indica on the regulation of blood glucose levels in experimental diabetic models. Planta Medica, 89(4), 227–233. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1244-8489
