Maternal Anthropometric and Dietary Factors in Preeclampsia: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56127/jukeke.v5i3.3061Keywords:
maternal nutritional status, preeclampsia, pregnancy; obesity, dietary patterns, systematic literature reviewAbstract
Preeclampsia remains a major maternal and perinatal health concern and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Maternal nutritional status has been increasingly recognized as a potentially modifiable factor, although previous studies have used heterogeneous nutritional indicators and reported inconsistent findings. Objective: This study aimed to systematically analyze and synthesize evidence on the relationship between maternal nutritional status and the occurrence of preeclampsia among pregnant women, with particular attention to anthropometric status, dietary patterns, and nutrient adequacy. Method: A Systematic Literature Review was conducted using a PRISMA-guided study selection process. Relevant publications were identified from PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar. Of 26 initially identified publications, 15 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final synthesis. Data were analyzed using descriptive-comparative analysis and thematic synthesis. Results: Most included studies reported an association between maternal nutritional factors and preeclampsia. Frequently identified factors included overweight and obesity, body mass index, dietary patterns, maternal weight gain, chronic energy deficiency, and inadequate protein intake. However, at least one study reported no significant association between pre-pregnancy BMI and preeclampsia, indicating heterogeneity across populations and measurement approaches. Implications: The findings support the integration of nutritional assessment, weight monitoring, and dietary counseling into comprehensive antenatal risk evaluation. Originality: This review integrates both overnutrition and undernutrition dimensions, demonstrating that maternal nutritional status should be understood as a multidimensional component of preeclampsia risk rather than as a single causal factor.
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